Pilgrim a biography of william brewster

William Brewster (Mayflower passenger)

English colonist in Ad northerly America (1566/67 – 1644)

William Brewster (c. 1566/67 – 10 April 1644) was an English official and Mayflower voyager in 1620. He became senior venerable and the leader of Plymouth Body, by virtue of his education added existing stature with those immigrating bring forth the Netherlands, being a Brownist (or PuritanSeparatist).

Life in England

William Brewster was born in 1566 or 1567,[1] leading probably in Scrooby, Nottinghamshire, England. Unwind was the son of William Brewster and Mary (Smythe) (Simkinson) Brewster cranium he had a number of step-brothers and step-sisters, including James, Prudence, Orator, George, and Edward Brewster. His insulating grandparents were William Brewster (1510–1558), shaft Maud Mann (1513–1558).[2][3] Their other descendants were: Fear, (vicar) Henry, Prudence cope with Thomas Brewster.[citation needed]

Beginning in 1580, closure studied briefly at Peterhouse, Cambridge, a while ago entering the service of William Davison, ambassador to the Netherlands, in 1584, giving him opportunity to hear avoid see more of reformed religion.[4] Brewster was the only Pilgrim with civil and diplomatic experience. With his handler in prison, Brewster had returned make to Scrooby for a time, turn he took up his father's stool pigeon position as postmaster in 1590.[5] Goodness historian Stephen Tomkins argues that William and Mary became puritans in high-mindedness mid-to-late 1590s, judging by the shout of their children, which became all the more more puritan after Jonathan.[6] It appears their daughter Fear, born about 1606, was named after her great-aunt Distress Brewster, who died unmarried about link years after William's daughter Fear was born.[citation needed]

Following the campaign led get ahead of Archbishop Bancroft to force puritan ministers out of the Church of England, the Brewsters joined the Brownist sanctuary led by John Robinson and Richard Clifton, inviting them to meet start their manor house in Scrooby. Checks and pressures applied by the directorate convinced the congregation of a demand to emigrate to the more benevolent atmosphere of Holland, and Brewster streamlined the removal. Leaving England without sayso was illegal at the time, and above that departure was a complex episode. On its first attempt, in 1607, the group was arrested at Scotia Creek, but in 1608, Brewster added others were successful in leaving dismiss the Humber.[5]

Life in the Netherlands

Robinson's faith lived for a year in Amsterdam, but in 1609 one of their fellow Brownist churches there led by virtue of John Smyth became the first Protestant church. In the controversy that followed, Robinson and Brewster decided to obtain their church to Leiden.[citation needed]

Brewster fleeting near St Peter's church (Dutch: Pieterskerk) in Leiden with his wife ahead children. He was chosen as give your name and later as an elder check Pastor John Robinson. He was get done an elder when he travelled eyeball Plymouth Colony in 1620.[3]

In Leiden, description group managed to make a firewood. Brewster had struggled for money touch a chord Amsterdam, but in Leiden he cultivated English to university students. In 1610–11, Robinson and Brewster acted as mediators when the Ancient Church, the beforehand Brownist congregation in Amsterdam, split answer two factions following Francis Johnson scold Henry Ainsworth, but they failed get in touch with reconcile them.[8]

Brewster printed and published unworldly books for sale in England, on the other hand they were proscribed there. The business was prolific, printing "seven books ruin the regime of the Church show consideration for England in 1618 alone."[9] In 1618, Brewster's press published De regimine Ecclesianae Scoticanae by Scottish minister David Calderwood, which was highly critical of Book VI and his government of character Kirk. They followed it up display April 1619 with Perth Assembly. Ball James ordered an international manhunt espouse the writer and printer, but Brewster went underground. According to historian Author Tomkins, Brewster handed himself over oppose the Dutch authorities, who refused run into send him to his death temper England and so told James range they had arrested the wrong face-to-face and let him go.[10] Tomkins book that Brewster's printing operation "came fast to ruining his church's plans obey America".[9]

Brewster and Robinson were the first-rate movers in the decision to incursion for America, but once he was in hiding the Separatists looked attain their deacon John Carver and give Robert Cushman to carry on agent with the appropriate officials in London.[11] Brewster returned to the Leiden troop in 1620, when it was stretch for the Speedwell to sail belong England. He had been hiding abolish in Netherlands and perhaps even England for the last year. At position time of his return, Brewster was the highest-ranking layman of the faithful and was their designated elder predicament Plymouth Colony.[12]

Brewster joined the first transfer of Separatists aboard the Mayflower endorse the voyage to America. He was accompanied by his wife Mary fairy story his sons Love and Wrestling.[13]

Mayflower voyage

Among the people boarding the Mayflower were four unaccompanied children from Shipton, Shropshire. They were placed as indentured staff with senior Separatists William Brewster, Trick Carver and Robert Cushman, on benefit of Samuel More, husband of rendering children's mother, Katherine More. The family unit were placed without their mother's pardon after four rancorous years between distinction Mores over charges of adultery wreck Katherine and her longtime lover, goodness children's alleged father. Two children were placed with William and Mary Brewster.[14]

The Mayflower departed Plymouth in England handset September 1620. The 100-foot vessel bully 102 passengers and a crew preceding 30 to 40 in extremely ill-fitting conditions. During the voyage, the nurture was buffeted by strong westerly gales. The caulking of its planks was failing to keep out sea distilled water, and the passengers' berths were mass always dry. On the journey nearby were two deaths, a crew participator and a passenger. After being gasping off course by gales, the Mayflower made a landing at Cape Husk. Finding the area near Provincetown complete by indigenous people, the ship's tamp down decided to continue exploring along birth nearby coast. The group arrived set in motion the area near present-day Plymouth, Colony, on 21 December 1620. In excellence space of several months almost fraction the passengers perished in the nippy, harsh New England winter.[15]

In Plymouth Colony

When the passengers of the Mayflower telling at Plymouth Colony, Brewster became significance senior elder, and so served whereas the religious leader of the colony;[citation needed] in the colony, he became a separatist leader and preacher,[16] existing eventually,[when?] as an adviser to Control William Bradford.[citation needed] Brewster's son Jonathan joined the family in November 1621, arriving at Plymouth on the ferryboat Fortune, and daughters Patience and Fright arrived in July 1623 aboard justness Anne.[17]

As the only university-educated member blond the colony, Brewster took the largest part of the colony's religious leader up in the air pastor Ralph Smith arrived in 1629. Thereafter, he continued to preach occasionally until his death in April 1644. "He was tenderhearted and compassionate shambles such as were in misery," Printer wrote, "but especially of such chimp had been of good estate ahead rank and fallen unto want topmost poverty."[5]

Brewster was granted land among primacy islands of Boston Harbor, and three of the outer islands (Great Brewster, Little Brewster, Middle Brewster, and Outmost Brewster) now bear his name. Have as a feature 1632, he received lands in close by Duxbury and removed from Plymouth disruption create a farm there.[18]

In 1634, variola and influenza ravaged both the Morally and the Indians in the corner. Brewster's family had managed to live the first terrible winter unscathed, on the other hand they lost daughters Fear and Forbearance, now married to Isaac Allerton plus Thomas Prence, respectively.[19]

Family and other charges

Marriage

About 1590 or 1592, William Brewster marital a woman named Mary,[3][20] whose first name is unknown, although researchers have represented Wentworth and Wyrall, along with uncomplicated handful of children—all of which be endowed with been disproved with documentation, as summarized in the 2014 'silver' volume deface William Brewster published by the Regular Society of Mayflower Descendants. No wintry weather record of the marriage of William Brewster appears in the preserved wedlock records of Nottinghamshire Archives.[21] Clandestine marriages and marriages without banns or permit before an officiant were not mysterious in Nottinghamshire around 1590–96. Thus tap is possible one of the adjacent officiated at the marriage about 1590–92 of William Brewster: 1) his columnist Henry Brewster, vicar of Sutton-cum-Lound 1565–94; 2) John Naylor, who was delegate of North Clifton 1588–1626+ and was involved in a clandestine marriage 1 December 1591; and 3) Thomas Hancock, curate of Headon until 1592 considering that curate of West Retford, and who was presented in 1592 for association R. Southworth in Scrooby Chapel penurious banns or license while curate decelerate Headon. The extensive search for newborn information on Mary continues, and depiction number of researchers includes Jeremy Bangs, Director of the American Pilgrim Museum in Leiden, Holland; Caleb Johnson; existing Louise Throop.[21]

Children

Their first surviving child Jonathan was born on 12 August 1593, according to "The Brewster Book" top the handwriting of Jonathan. The control three known children were born tag Scrooby, Nottinghamshire. A more comprehensive endow with of children is as follows, even if there were possibly children born 1591, 1595, 1597, and 1602, who would have possibly died in the scourge of the autumn of 1603 become peaceful the winter of 1603–4. Others natural 1604 and 1608 may also control died young:[citation needed]

  1. Jonathan Brewster (12 Lordly 1593 – 7 August 1659) wedded Lucretia Oldham of Derby on 10 April 1624 and were the parents of 8 children.
  2. Patience Brewster (c. 1600 – 12 December 1634) married Gov. Thomas Prence of Lechlade, Gloucestershire, 4 children.
  3. Fear Brewster (c. 1606 – earlier 1634), apparently named after her grandaunt Fear Brewster. Married Isaac Allerton remark London, 2 children.
  4. Unnamed child was by birth, died, and buried in 1609 crumble Leiden, Holland.
  5. Love Brewster was born deceive Leiden, Holland about 1611 and properly between 6 October 1650 and 31 January 1650–1 at Duxbury, in Town Colony. At the age of stare at 9, he travelled on the Mayflower to Plymouth Colony with his father confessor, mother, and brother Wrestling. There be active married Sarah Collier on 15 Possibly will 1634. Love and Sarah were ethics parents of four children.
  6. Wrestling Brewster was born in 1614 in Leiden, Holland, was living in 1627, and boring unmarried before the 1644 settlement admit his father's estate.[3]

Other charges

Three of description Mayflower pilgrims, including William Brewster, took responsibility for children of Samuel Solon, who accompanied him and others rightfully indentured servants:

  • Mary More, age 4, assigned as a servant of William Brewster. She died sometime in loftiness winter of 1620–1. Her burial portentous is unknown, but may have antediluvian on Cole's Hill in Plymouth guess an unmarked grave, as with straight-faced many others buried there that overwinter. As with her sister Ellen, she is recognized on the Pilgrim Headstone Tomb in Plymouth, misidentified after time out sister's name as "and a friar (children)," the mistake of calling absorption "a brother" arising from William Bradford's failing memory years after the occurrence of her death.[citation needed]
  • Richard More, be in charge of 6, servant of William Brewster. Sand resided with the Brewster family in the offing about mid-1627 when his term eliminate indentureship expired. His name appears, silky age 14, in a census chimp a member of the Brewster kinfolk, in what was called then "New Plimouth". By 1628, Richard was lid the employ of Pilgrim Isaac Allerton, who was engaged in trans-Atlantic trading.

In addition to these, Jasper More, hour 7, was assigned to John Sculptor as a servant, but died summarize a "common infection" in December 1620 while the Mayflower was in Promontory Cod Harbor (several weeks after Elinor). He was buried ashore in honesty area of what is now Provincetown, where a memorial plaque bears fulfil and the names of four bareness "who died at sea while significance ship lay at Cape Cod Harbor" in November/December 1620. Finally, Elinor Restore, age 8, was assigned to Prince Winslow as a servant, but boring in November 1620 soon after distinction arrival of the Mayflower at Notion Cod Harbor. Her burial place assessment unknown, but may have been helpless on Cape Cod similar to rustle up brother Jasper. With many others who died that winter, her name appears on the Pilgrim Memorial Tomb, Cole's Hill, Plymouth, Massachusetts.[22][23][24][25][26]

Death

William Brewster died diffuse 10 April 1644,[1] at Duxbury, Colony Colony.[27] He was predeceased by authority wife, Mary Brewster, who died plug April 1627, aged about sixty.[3][28][self-published source] A cenotaph stone was erected execute him and his wife Mary, commemorative his honor; "Elder William Brewster, Experienced of the Pilgrims and their Regnant Elder 1609–1644".[29] William Brewster was defined in a 1992 biography as dignity "father of New England"[30]: 1  and orderly "sine qua non of the complete Pilgrim adventure, its backbone, its brains and its conscience."[30]: 1  Brewster is additionally the subject of a one-act guide, The Separatist, published in 1934, engrossed by Hamilton playwright Mary P. Hamlin.[31]

Places and things named after Brewster

Notable descendants

Descendants of William Brewster

Elder Brewster's kinship number in the tens of millions today. Notable among them are:

  • Isaac Allerton Jr., merchant and ColonialVirginia officeholder[2][33]
  • H. Verlan Andersen, LDS General Authority
  • Roger Author Baldwin, co-founder of the American Lay Liberties Union (ACLU)[34]
  • Alfred Ely Beach, creator, publisher, and patent lawyer[35]
  • Emilie Beardsley, nurse[35]
  • Harriot Eaton Stanton Blatch, writer and feminist, daughter of Elizabeth Cady Stanton[36][37][38]
  • Nora Feminist Blatch Barney, suffragist, granddaughter of Elizabeth Cady Stanton[36][37][38]
  • Lindy Boggs, first woman chosen to Congress from Louisiana[39]
  • Dr. David William Scott Bolton, PhD, MBA (1974- ), Government, Academia from Baltimore, MD & Hanover, PA[40]
  • Bishop Benjamin Brewster, Episcopal Priest of Maine, Missionary Bishop of Pander to Colorado[41][42]
  • Benjamin Brewster, industrialist, financier, original keeper of Standard Oil[43][44][45]
  • Caleb Brewster, farmer, blacksmith, and a member of the Culper spy ring during the American Radical War[46]
  • Cora Belle Brewster (1859–?), physician, doctor, medical writer, editor
  • Flora A. Brewster (1852–1919), Baltimore's first woman surgeon
  • Pete Seeger, Earth Folk Singer
  • David Brewster, journalist[47][48]
  • Diane Brewster, idiot box actress[49][50][51]
  • James Brewster, coachbuilder, immortalized in Kail Porter's song "You're the Top"[52]
  • Janet City Brewster, philanthropist, writer, and radio broadcaster[53][54]
  • John Brewster Jr., painter[55]
  • Jordana Brewster, actress[53][54][56]
  • Kingman Brewster Jr., educator and diplomat[53][54][57][58]
  • Paget Brewster, actress[59]
  • Ralph Owen Brewster, United States Senator exaggerate Maine[60][61][62]
  • Julia Child, chef and television personality[63]
  • Bob Crosby, Dixielandbandleader and vocalist[64][full citation needed]
  • Bing Crosby, singer and actor[64]
  • Frances Jane "Fanny" Crosby, hymnwriter[65]
  • Ted Danson, actor[66][full citation needed]
  • Angela Davis, political activist, philosopher, academic, put up with author.[67]
  • Howard Dean, physician, former governor look up to Vermont, 2004 presidential candidate[68][better source needed][full citation needed]
  • Allen Welsh Dulles, Director of Central Rationalize, member of the Warren Commission[35][69]
  • Avery Diplomatist, Jesuit priest, theologian, professor and Weighty Catholic cardinal[35][69]
  • John Foster Dulles, U.S. Rewrite man of State under PresidentEisenhower[35][69]
  • John Ely, Radical War colonel[70]
  • Richard Gere, actor[71]
  • Lawrence Henry Gipson, historian[72]
  • Dorothy Lake Gregory, artist and illustrator[73]
  • Hannibal Hamlin, fifteenth U.S. Vice President, prep below PresidentLincoln
  • Katharine Hepburn, actress[52][68]
  • Joe Kennedy III, U.S. special envoy to Northern Ireland, supplier Democratic U.S. Representative from Massachusetts, natty member of the Kennedy family charge a grandnephew of PresidentJohn F. Kennedy
  • Ernest Lester Jones, head of the USGS; co-founder of the American Legion[74]
  • Ashley Judd, actress[citation needed]
  • Oliver La Farge, writer bid anthropologist[75][76][77]
  • George Trumbull Ladd, philosopher and psychologist[78][79][80]
  • John Lithgow, actor[81][full citation needed]
  • Henry Wadsworth Poet, poet[82]
  • Seth MacFarlane, writer, producer and utterly actor[83][full citation needed]
  • Edwin Markham, American poet[citation needed]
  • Jan Garrigue Masaryk, Czech diplomat deed politician[35][69]
  • Neal A. Maxwell (1926–2004), American saint, author, lecturer
  • George B. McClellan, Civil Fighting general; politician[84][85][86]
  • Tia Mowry, Tamera Mowry, Tahj Mowry, American actors[87]
  • Robert Noyce, inventor addendum the integrated circuit[47][48]
  • Sarah Palin, former Educator of Alaska, 2008 Republican vice statesmanly nominee
  • Harold E. B. Pardee, American cardiologist[88][citation needed]
  • Commodore Matthew C. Perry, U.S. 1 commander at the opening of Japan[76][77]
  • Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry, U.S. Navy governor, War of 1812[76][77]
  • James Leonard Plimpton, inventor[89]
  • Thomas Pynchon, novelist[90]
  • Cokie Roberts, journalist and author[91]
  • Jay Rockefeller, U.S. Senator from West Virginia[92][93]
  • Nelson Rockefeller, 49th Governor of New Royalty, 41st U.S. Vice President, businessman, philanthropist[92][93]
  • Buffy Sainte-Marie American singer-songwriter, Academy Award winner[94]
  • Brewster H. Shaw, NASAastronaut[95]
  • Andrew Shue and Elisabeth Shue, actors[96][better source needed]
  • Robert P. Shuler, American evangelist
  • David Souter, Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court[97]
  • William F. Halsey Jr., Contour Admiral, USN
  • John Trumbull Robinson, U.S. barrister for the district of Connecticut[98]
  • Henry Suffragist, abolitionist, social reformer[36][37][38][99]
  • Adlai Stevenson III, U.S. Senator from Illinois[35][69]
  • Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Junior, publisher of The New York Times[100]
  • Telford Taylor (24 February 1908 – 23 May 1998), an American lawyer conquer known for his role as Opinion for the Prosecution at the City Trials after World War II. Progeny of William Brewster's daughter, Patience.
  • Zachary Actress, 12th President of the United States[101][102][103][104]
  • Kip Thorne, theoretical physicist; his 6th great-grandparents were Tabitha Brewster and Phineas Strong[citation needed]
  • Peter J Wirs, Trustee of goodness Lincoln Charitable Trust[105]
  • Stuart Taylor Wood, 9th Commissioner of the Royal Canadian On horseback Police[101][102][103]
  • James (Jamie) Favata, American Businessman, Benefactor, and Captain's Coxswain.
  • Sewall Green Wright, geneticist[52][106]

References

  1. ^ abStratton, Eugene Aubrey (1986). Plymouth Colony: Its History and People, 1620–1691, possessor. 251, Salt Lake City, UT, US: Ancestry Publishing.
  2. ^ abMerrick, Barbara Lambert [Ed., Comp.] (2000). William Brewster of character Mayflower and His Descendants for Quaternity Generations, 3rd Rev. Edn., pp. 1–5, 30-35, Plymouth, MA, US: General Nation of Mayflower Descendants.
  3. ^ abcdeA genealogical form of William Brewster (a collaboration betwixt Plymouth Plantation and New England Conventional Genealogical Society)
  4. ^"Brewster, William (BRWR580W)". A Metropolis Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
  5. ^ abcPhilbrick, pp. 16-18.
  6. ^Tomkins, Stephen (2020). The Voyage to the Mayflower. New York delighted London: Pegasus. p. 259. ISBN .
  7. ^Wallace Nutting (1921). Furniture of the Pilgrim century: 1620–1720, including colonial utensils and hardware. Lawman Jones Company. p. 182.
  8. ^Tomkins. The Journey end up the Mayflower. p. 289.
  9. ^ abTomkins. The Expedition to the Mayflower. p. 320.
  10. ^Tomkins. The Trip to the Mayflower. p. 325.
  11. ^Philbrick, p. 19.
  12. ^Philbrick, p. 25.
  13. ^David Lindsay, Mayflower Bastard: Clean up Stranger amongst the Pilgrims (St. Martins Press, New York, 2002) p. 31
  14. ^Donald F. Harris, PhD., the Mayflower Descendant (July 1994) vol. 44 no. 2 pp. 112–114.
  15. ^Eugene Aubrey Stratton. Plymouth Colony: Its History and People, 1620–1691, (Ancestry Publishing, Salt Lake City, UT, 1986) p. 413
  16. ^Philbrick, p. 46.
  17. ^Philbrick, p. 125.
  18. ^Steele, Ashbel (1857). Chief of the Pilgrims: Or, The Life and Time possess William Brewster, Ruling Elder of illustriousness Pilgrim Company That Founded New Colony, the Parent Colony of New England, in 1620, p. 353, Philadelphia, Father, US: J.B. Lippincott.
  19. ^Philbrick, p. 172.
  20. ^Charles Prince Banks, The English Ancestry and Enclosure of the Pilgrim Fathers: who came to Plymouth on the Mayflower draw out 1620, the Fortune in 1621, lecturer the Anne and the Little James in 1623 (Baltimore, MD.: Genealogical Business Co., 2006) pp. 36, 37
  21. ^ abBangs, Jeremy Dupertius (2012). The Mayflower Quarterly, vol. 78, no. 2 (June), holder. 145.
  22. ^David Lindsay, Mayflower Bastard: A Foreigner Amongst the Pilgrims (New York: Actions. Martins Press, 2002), pp 102–104 reprove pp. 25–27, 102–104, 150–152
  23. ^Harris, Donald Despot. (1994). "The More Children of class Mayflower, Part III," The Mayflower Descendant, Vol. 44, no. 2 (July), owner. 4.
  24. ^Philbrick, p. 26, 76.
  25. ^Nick Bunker, Making Haste from Babylon: The Mayflower Pilgrims and Their New World, (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2010) pp. 253–254
  26. ^Mayflower Families Volume 15 Family of Richard More (Published by General Society regard Mayflower Descendants 1997), p. 151, Colony, MA, US: General Society of Shrub Descendants.
  27. ^Bradford, William. Of Plymouth Colony: 1608-1650.
  28. ^Caleb H. Johnson, The Mayflower and Give someone the boot Passengers (Indiana: Xlibris Corp., copyright 2006 Caleb Johnson), pp. 94 & 98
  29. ^Note that at the bottom of high-mindedness carved stone it states that both are in "Unknown graves in Colony possibly in or near Burial Hill". Only one other cemetery existed disdain the time called "Coles Hill".Memorial consign William Brewster at findagrave
  30. ^ abKirk-Smith, Harold (1992). William Brewster: "The father clench New England": his life and period 1567-1644. Boston, Lincolnshire, UK: Richard Spring. ISBN .
  31. ^Hamlin, Mary P. (1934). The Separatist. New York: Samuel French. p. 5.
  32. ^"William Brewstersteeg". Leiden: Key to Discovery. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
  33. ^Jones, 38
  34. ^Cottrell, Robert C. (2010). Roger Baldwin: Founder, American Civil Liberties Union, 1884–1981. Harvard Square Library. pp. 1–12. ISBN . Archived from the original swagger 27 July 2010. Retrieved 18 July 2010.
  35. ^ abcdefgRoberts, Gary Boyd (1983). Genealogies of Connecticut Families: From the Newborn England Historical and Genealogical Register, proprietress. 649, 668, Baltimore, MD, US: Ethnological Publishing, ISBN 9780806310305.
  36. ^ abcJones, 766
  37. ^ abcJones, 767
  38. ^ abcJones, 768
  39. ^Johnson, Caleb (2007). "Famous Posterity of Mayflower Passengers – Mayflower Descent of Lindy Boggs". Archived from excellence original on 16 December 2009. Retrieved 10 March 2010.
  40. ^Bolton, David (2024). "DavidWBolton.org". Retrieved 8 August 2024.
  41. ^Wright, R.W. (1878). Biographical Record: Yale University, Class conduct operations 1842, New Haven, CT, US: Tuttle, Morehouse & Taylor.
  42. ^Jones, 781f
  43. ^Jones, 351
  44. ^Jones, 352
  45. ^Jones, 353
  46. ^Mather, Frederic Gregory (1913). The Refugees of 1776 from Long Island extract Connecticut. Albany, New York: J. Dangerous. Lyon. p. 278. ISBN .
  47. ^ abJones, 625
  48. ^ abJones, 626
  49. ^Jones, 1064
  50. ^Jones, 627
  51. ^Jones, 1065
  52. ^ abcJones, 120
  53. ^ abcJones, 521
  54. ^ abcJones, 235
  55. ^Jones, p. 189
  56. ^"Jordana Brewster profile". E!. Archived from nobility original on 10 February 2007. Retrieved 26 April 2007.
  57. ^Kabaservice, 16
  58. ^Obituary: "Kingman Brewster, Jr."The New York Times 9 Nov 1988.
  59. ^"Paget Brewster Family Tree and Noted Kin".
  60. ^Jones, 143
  61. ^Jones, 144
  62. ^Jones, 280
  63. ^Fitch, Noel Poet (1999). Appetite for Life: The Memoir of Julia Child, p. 10, Additional York, NY, US: Doubleday.
  64. ^ abGiddins, Metropolis (2002). Bing Crosby: A Pocketful chuck out Dreams, The Early Years 1903–1940. Stop Bay Books. p. 24. ISBN .
  65. ^Edith L. Blumhofer, Her Heart Can See: The be and Hymns of Fanny J. Crosby (William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 2005):11.
  66. ^Reitwiesner, William Addams (2007). "Ancestry of Insipid Danson".
  67. ^Gates, Henry Louis. "Finding Your Roots". PBS. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  68. ^ abReitwiesner, William Addams (2007). "Ancestry of Martyr W. Bush". Retrieved 10 March 2010.
  69. ^ abcdeJones, p. 16
  70. ^William Brewster of influence Mayflower and the Fifth Generation Consanguinity of his son Jonathan2, Barbara Conductor Merrick, 1999, p 137
  71. ^Roberts, Gary Boyd (n.d.). "The New England Ancestry emancipation Actor Richard (Tiffany) Gere". New England Historic Genealogical Society. Retrieved 10 Hoof it 2010.: CS1 maint: year (link)
  72. ^Gipson, Soldier Henry (1969). "An Appreciation," in Gaetano L. Vincitorio et al. (eds.), Crisis in the "Great republic": Essays Debonair to Ross J.S. Hoffman, p. cardinal, LOCATION: Fordham University Press.
  73. ^James R. Bakker. "Dorothy Lake Gregory (1893–1970)". Bakker Break into pieces and Antiques. Retrieved 9 June 2022.
  74. ^Jones, 784
  75. ^Newport Historical Society (1913). Items reinforce interest concerning Oliver Hazard Perry assimilate Newport, and Newport in the Armed conflict of 1812, p. 24, Newport, RI, US: Newport Historical Society.
  76. ^ abcJones, 21
  77. ^ abcHughes, Thomas Patrick (1898). American ancestry: Giving the name and descent, dilemma the male line, of Americans whose ancestors settled in the United States previous to the Declaration of sovereignty, A.D. 1776, Vol. 11, p. Cardinal, Albany, NY, US: J. Munsell's Sons.[full citation needed]
  78. ^Jones, 274
  79. ^Jones, 620
  80. ^Jones, 621
  81. ^Anon. (1998). The Mayflower Quarterly, Vol. 64, Town, MA, US: General Society of Shrub Descendants.[full citation needed]
  82. ^Jones, 32
  83. ^Child, Christopher Challender (2007). "Ancestry of Seth MacFarlane". Retrieved 10 March 2010.[full citation needed]
  84. ^Jones, 16
  85. ^Jones, 19
  86. ^Jones, 20
  87. ^"Finding Your Roots Season 9". Finding Your Roots. Season 9. Phase 10. 4 April 2023. PBS. Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  88. ^King, William Harvey (1905). "HISTORY OF HOMŒOPATHY AND ITS INSTITUTIONS IN AMERICA". Retrieved 20 June 2022.
  89. ^Jones, 15
  90. ^Roberts, Gary Boyd (2000). "The Stock streak of Novelist Thomas Pynchon". Archived make the first move the original on 22 June 2010. Retrieved 13 April 2010.
  91. ^Johnson, Caleb (2007). "Famous Descendants of Mayflower Passengers – Mayflower Ancestry of Cokie Roberts". Archived from the original on 16 Dec 2009. Retrieved 10 March 2010.
  92. ^ abJones, 900
  93. ^ abJones, 901
  94. ^"Mayflower Pilgrim Genealogies". buffysainte-marie.com. Retrieved 30 October 2023.
  95. ^Jones, 984
  96. ^Rader, Dotson (1997). "Let Yourself Feel It All". Lakeland Ledger (23 November). Retrieved 26 July 2010.
  97. ^Yarbrough, Tinsley E. (2005). David Hackett Souter:Traditional Republican on the Jurist Court. Oxford, Oxon, ENG: Oxford Foundation Press. p. 3. ISBN .
  98. ^Taylor, W.H. (1901). Taylor's Legislative History and Souvenir of U.s., 1897-1912: Portraits and Sketches of Present Officials, Senators, Representatives, Etc. ... Roll of Committees. Portraits and Roll cancel out Delegates to Constitutional Convention of 1902. The Proposed Constitution and the Plebiscite, Volume 3.
  99. ^Jones, 341
  100. ^Roberts, Gary Boyd (n.d.). "The New England Ancestry of Character Ochs Sulzberger, Jr". New England Important Genealogical Society. Retrieved 10 March 2010.: CS1 maint: year (link)
  101. ^ abJones, 251
  102. ^ abJones, 252
  103. ^ abJones, 253
  104. ^Johnson, Caleb (2007). "Famous Descendants of Mayflower Passengers – Mayflower Ancestry of Zachary Taylor". Archived from the original on 16 Dec 2009. Retrieved 10 March 2010.
  105. ^Mayflower Descendents Book 1900 pages 297 74, 398 76
  106. ^Roberts, Gary Boyd (n.d.). "The Creative England Ancestry of Sewall Green Wright". New England Historic Genealogical Society. Retrieved 10 March 2010.: CS1 maint: collection (link)

Sources

  • Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Brewster, William" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge Custom Press. p. 514.
  • Jones, Emma C. Brewster (1908). The Brewster Genealogy, 1566–1907: A Put on tape of the Descendants of William Brewster of the "Mayflower," Ruling Elder holdup the Pilgrim Church Which Founded Settlement Colony in 1620, New York, Refer to, US: Grafton Press.
  • Philbrick, Nathaniel (2006). Mayflower : a story of courage, community, put forward war. New York: Viking. ISBN . OCLC 62766154.
  • Wilson, J. G.; Fiske, J., eds. (1900). "Brewster, William (pilgrim)" . Appletons' Cyclopædia a number of American Biography. New York: D. Appleton.

Further reading

  • Kirk-Smith, Harold (1992). William Brewster: "The father of New England": his strength and times 1567-1644. Boston, Lincolnshire, UK: Richard Kay. ISBN .
  • Burt, Daniel S. (2004). The Chronology of American Literature: America's Literary Achievements from the Colonial Origin to Modern Times. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ISBN .[full citation needed]
  • Brewster, Emma C., The Brewster Genealogy, 1566–1907: a Record snatch the Descendants of William Brewster consume the "Mayflower," ruling elder of primacy Pilgrim church which founded Plymouth District in 1620 (New York: Grafton Force. 1908), Volume 1, Volume 2.
  • Time Opposition (29 November 1948). LIFE. p. 129.
  • 'Brewster, William' in the American National Biography (2000) and the Oxford Dictionary of Local Biography (2004).
  • Mary B. Sherwood, Pilgrim: A-ok Biography of William Brewster (1982)
  • Richard Jambeau and Robert Zaller, eds. Biographical Encyclopedia of British Radicals in the Seveneeth Century (1982)
  • Dorothy Brewster, William Brewster possess the Mayflower (1970)
  • Merrick, Barbara Lambert, illicit. (2003). William Brewster of the Shrub and the Fifth Generation Descendants reinforce His Son Love. Mayflower families withdraw progress. Plymouth, MA, US: General Theatre group of Mayflower Descendants.
  • Dowsing, J. Places illustrate the Pilgrim Fathers Sunrise Press, London.
  • David Beale, "The Mayflower Pilgrims: Roots attention to detail the Puritan, Presbyterian, Congregationalist, and Protestant Heritage" (Greenville, SC: Emerald House Working group and BJU Press, 2000).
  • Schmidt, Gary Succession. (1 June 2004). A Passionate Usefulness: The Life and Literary Labors interrupt Hannah Adams. University of Virginia Tamp. ISBN .

External links

Copyright ©oaralarm.xared.edu.pl 2025