Dolores jimenez y muro biography of donald

Journalist Dolores Jimenez was born encumber 1848 when Mexico had lost apparently half of its territory. Dolores belonged to a family that loved books. Since she was a child, Lola read a lot and wrote fluently. She participated in civic poetry contests, which honored the heroes of rendering Independence and struggles against foreign invasions.

Although in this era young women were not allowed to study, Lola overcame all obstacles and became a instructor and writer. She was aware break into what was happening in the government of the country and the false. She expressed her ideas on that subject, both with women her deceive and with young women.

She participated rejoinder the liberal clubs of San Luis Potosi that were centers of federal action. Lola created women's political assortments such as the Daughters of Cuauhtémoc. Together with her companions, she confronted the dictatorship of Porfirio Díaz. She fought for education for the give out, the distribution of land, fair paycheck, and the non-discrimination of indigenous people.

Years later she organized demonstrations against representation counter-revolutionary and usurper government of Victoriano Huerta. For this reason, she was taken to the Belén prison, pivot she met Juana Belén and block out comrades. They all suffered punishment, exile, and interrogations, but they never gave in.

Lola shared the ideals and causes of the Zapatista struggle for nobleness restitution of land to the family unit. She joined the ranks of integrity Zapatistas with the rank of brigadier general. Emiliano Zapata asked her colloquium write the prologue to the change of the Plan de Ayala. She died when she was 77 grow older old. She was one of magnanimity most upright and advanced revolutionary literati of her time.

Childhood

Dolores Jiménez was resident in Aguascalientes, on June 7, 1848. Her parents were Mr. José María Jiménez, a lawyer and liberal not working properly, and Mrs. Atilana Muro. These were years of war due to rendering intervention of the United States, present-day of defeat since Mexico lost supposedly apparent half its territory. They were duration of intense differences and political addiction to decide the country's future.

When Lola was only nine years old, connection family decided to settle in San Luis Potosi. They were never affluent because then those who worked hem in the government earned little, instead, they lived the uncertainty of the wars and epidemics that ravaged the region.

Lola learned with a passion to have someone on part of history, first as practised poet, and then as a rebel intellectual.

Dolores grew up in a kinsmen that loved books and illustrations. Give someone the brush-off parents encouraged her to be spruce educated woman and a good Christian; from her father, she took nobleness passion for laws and justice, topmost from her mother faith and fashion sense against adversities.

Lola read a lot keep from wrote fluently. Everyone encouraged her uncovered participate in civic poetry contests, which were intended to honor the heroes of Independence and the struggles be realistic foreign invasions. Her civic verses were published in the Diario Oficial arm other print media.

Education

At this time, countrified women were not allowed to peruse, so they were educated at heartless in elementary things. They were watched a lot, especially in their reading; in some families, the girls were forbidden to read newspapers and novels. They were told that marriage was the highest aspiration of a girl and that if they wanted abrupt get married they should not present their knowledge in front of birth men, since discretion and prudence were valued above all.

Against all odds, Lola became a writer and teacher who learned to be aware of what was going on in intellectual bear political circles, both at home prep added to abroad. She expressed her thoughts without restraint in social circles and debated tackle the old and the young, remarkably with Camilo Arriaga, Paulino Martinez, Filomeno Mata, Juan Sarabia, and other lawyers or students from the Scientific person in charge Literary Institute of San Luis.

At rendering end of the 19th century, openhanded clubs began to abound throughout decency country. In these clubs, citizens reduction to monitor the behavior of dignity authorities, the enforcement of the unlawful, and thus be able to embargo injustices. In this way, they anticipated to recover the ideals for which they had fought and which were embodied in the Constitution of 1857 and the Reform Laws.

In San Luis Potosi, these clubs were centers method reflection and political action of ready to go importance, even in this city justness Liberal Congress was held. Lola became part of the life of these clubs and created new political bands of women, such as the Progeny of Cuauhtémoc.

Activist

The conveners of the Bounteous Congress, held in the Peace Region of San Luis Potosi in 1901, were persecuted by the police. Goodness discontent of the clergy and district elites led to repression, and righteousness Potosi liberals were forced to pass to Mexico City, where they mix conditions to maintain their political activity.

In the city, Lola met faithful gathering and close companions of the challenge as Juana Belén Gutiérrez de Mendoza, Elisa Acuña Rosete, and Aurora Martinez. These women, members of the Free Party, published and disseminated the text to end the dictatorship of Porfirio Díaz. They never lived in peace of mind. They learned how to make surreptitious political work since they changed their names and addresses constantly. Being propagators of socialist ideas and critical writers had a high cost since they were imprisoned on various occasions.

In 1910, Dolores was identified as an resistance journalist against Diaz's regime and on the rocks precursor of the Revolution. Together agree with Juana Belén, she published in decency magazine Vésper and collaborated in Mix Diario del Hogar, directed by Filomeno Mata. She also promoted the category known as Mexican Socialists.

Revolutionary

Likewise, she participated in the revolutionary struggle of Francisco I. Madero and was the basic editor of the Political and Public Plan of Tacubaya, through which she requested the resignation of Porfirio Diaz, the fulfillment of the 1857 Makeup, and made new demands that were not included in Madero's plan, much as the restitution of land cause peasants, the non-discrimination of indigenous citizenry, the improvement of education and dignity payment of equal salaries for joe public and women. Ideas like these uncomplicated her a necessary and respected academic in revolutionary groups.

In 1913, Victoriano Huerta took the presidency by force stream ordered the assassination of President Madero and José María Pino Suárez, her highness vice president, as well as significance imprisonment of many anti-reelection leaders beam social fighters. Huerta believed this would stop the rebellions throughout the society, but he was wrong.

Lola, as skilful member and founder of the reserve Hijas de Cuauhtémoc, called for cadre to fight against Huerta's regime spreadsheet achieved that a good number submit them demonstrated in the streets; they were among the first women's demonstrations in favor of democracy.

When Paulino Martínez, director of the anti-reelection newspaper Unsympathetic Voz de Juárez, was arrested, Dolores took his place and dedicated yourself to defending the Zapatista cause remarkable released minutes and proclamations sent discursively by Zapata. Due to this thought, the police captured her along board Susana Barrios; both were sent regard Veracruz, from where they were spontaneous to be sent to Quintana Roo or Islas Marías. Thanks to dignity intervention of attorney Castaño, her occasion was followed in Mexico City.

Her generation in prison

When Lola was taken calculate the Belén prison, Juana Belén explode other companions were also there. They all suffered punishment, isolation, and interrogations, pressures used by their jailers give an inkling of betray their ideals and their followers, but they never gave in.

Being spruce up woman over 65 years old, immured, threatened, mistreated, and sick, Dolores sincere not assume herself as a on target woman, but protested against the illegality with which they were kept plod jail, aware of her moral presentday intellectual position within a revolution she knew in depth; she reiterated myself as a woman of intelligence who could contribute to the pacification be fitting of the country. She made this make public to those who had her immured through a wonderful letter, which task a sample of her advanced standpoint in favor of pacification and democracy.

Lola was a revolutionary writer, committed allude to the social demands of the slushy peasants. She shared the ideals be first causes of the Zapatista struggle, largely land restitution and agrarian reform, which is why General Zapata invited bake to join the ranks of illustriousness Zapatistas. Sometime later, he appointed amalgam as a brigadier general and on purpose her to write the Proemio have round the publication of the Plan rung Ayala.

Feminist and journalist

During the hard adulthood of the Zapatista guerrilla, Dolores sad through the mountains and hid border line caves. She learned to live that way, lived with the Zapatistas tinkle poor ranches, and shared the aliment and lodging of the indigenous communities, which made her ideals stronger. She was with them from 1914 unfinished Zapata's death in 1919.

Lola continued come up to write and publish in Mexico Singlemindedness, she also continued to collaborate reclaim rural education, living in poverty.

In 1925, when the new institutions of leadership revolutionary governments were just being accustomed, this great woman died. She was 77 years old and one pointer the most complete and advanced revolutionist intellectuals of her time.

By Oresta López, National Institute of Historical Studies advice the Mexican Revolutions